ŞİRKET-İ HAYRİYE's Legendary Steamer Fleet

The şirket-i Hayriye has become a mythical identity in almost 100 years until 1945, when all rights were transferred to the City Lines. his role in the War of Independence, heroism costing the date of captains and staff, incredible stories of the ferry, cultural and social life of the contributions of today's Turkey led his to the role of maritime transport, it made history of the şirket-i Hayriye history.

The Şirket-i Hayriye had a total of eighty-one fleets, including three car ferries, seventy-four passenger ferries, three coal ferries and a cruise boat. The number of company-i Hayriye was built in sixty-six of the seventy-seven cars and passenger ferries, six of which were French, two were German and one was Dutch, while the two ferries were built in the Hasköy Shipyard.

In various shipyards in Istanbul, with the usual maintenance and repairs of the ferries that were usually brought from abroad, small ferries were also assembled.

Meymenet which was built in England, in 1872 and brought to Turkey in pieces, Nüzhet number 29, Refet 30 and Amed ferries number 31 were installed at Hasköy Shipyard. The construction of the 35th Occupational Helicopters and the Mirgün ferries (number 36) was carried out at Hasköy Shipyard in 1881.

The Kocataş steamer, built in 1937 at Hasköy Shipyard, is the first passenger ferry built in Turkish shipyards during the Republican period. In later years, it was built in shipyards in Turkey many larger ships.

ŞİRKET-İ HAYRİYE STEAMERS

The ŞİRKET-i Hayriye 's ferry fleet was made of double wheel, single propeller and double screwed ferries. Of the 77 ferries of the Şirket-i Hayriye, 48 were handwheeled, 15 were single pushed, and 14 were double-pushed.

Paddle Steamers 

According to the company-i Hayriye's chimney numbers, the production and service periods of the side wheeled forty-eight steamer were as follows:

Company-i Hayriye's No. 1 Rumeli, Tarabya No. 2, Goksu No. 3, Beylerbeyi No. 4, Tophane and Besiktas Number 6, wooden handwheel passenger ferries; It was built in 1852 on the stalls of the Maudslay Factory, where John Robert White, a businessman, owned a yacht in the East Cowes, opposite the main town of Cowes on the Isle of Wight in England. The ferries, which were put into service in 1854, were left out of service in 1864.

Istinye, number 8 Bebek, number 9 Kandilli, number 10 Beykoz and number 11 Anatolian ferries were built on the benches owned by the businessman John Robert White in the East Cowes Yacht Harbor in England in 1857 in the form of wooden handwheels.

İstinye, one of these ferries, was left out of service in 1913, while the Bebek Ferry was renovated in 1858 at the Hasköy shipyard and turned into a service boat and remained out of service in 1901. The Kandilli Ferry and the Beykoz Ferry, which were sold to the Ottoman Navy in 1875, were left out of service in 1884, while the Anatolian Ferry was used in the service works of the shipyard in 1858 and remained out of service in 1899.

In 1860, the boat Kabataş 12, the number 13 Galata and the 14th Büyükdere and the 15th Beyezid which were built in 1857 in the form of wooden handwheels in the East Cowes Yacht Harbor, at the bench of a businessman named John Robert White, were put into service. In 1901, Galata in 1902 was abandoned. Beyezid was decommissioned in 1898.

The ship was established in the west of the Blackwall Yard shipyard in the United Kingdom and the British businessman Money Wigram'ın Western Shipyard, which was established in 1863 as a wooden handwheel impeller passenger ferry to the number 16 in the Büyükada ferry entered service in the same year. Buyukada was out of service in 1878. In the same shipyard, the ferries, which were built in 1865 as a wooden handwheeled paddleboat, were put into service in the same year. The ferry to Bahariye was left out of service in 1905 and Asayish in 1919.

In 1869, Money Wigram was owned by Western Shipyard. Tayyar, number 22, was built in 1868 and commenced service in the same year. In Western Shipyard, the ferry boats Seyyar 19, Terakki 20 and Surat 21, which was built in 1869 as a wooden handwheeled paddleboat, entered service in the same year. Tayyar was built in 1868 and put into service the same year.

In 1798, Maudslay, Sons and Field, was founded by Henry Maudslay, a famous tool and mechanical engineer, in 1833 with the participation of Maudslay's sons. The company, which became one of the most famous engines and parts manufacturers in the country, produced ferries named Azimet and Rahat in 1869. In the same shipyard, the Selamet Vapuru (25) was built in 1870. The boat, which was built as a wooden handwheel passenger steamer and put into service in 1870, was decommissioned in 1915 and Azimet in 1919. Selamet, who was taken back to service in 1915 when he was decommissioned in 1901, was under the command of the navy and was sunk by the Russian destroyer in the same year.

In the company which has become one of the most famous motor and parts manufacturers in the country by replacing Maudslay, Sons and Field with the service of the sons of Henry Maudslay in England and becoming the partner of Henry Maudslay, Suhulet Vapuru was built. Suhulet was put into service in 1872 and was put out of service in 1961 and Sahilbent in 1967.

In 1872, Meymenet, Nüzhet, Refet and Amed, which were built as sheet metal in the Hasköy factory of the Şirket-i Hayriye, were put into service in the same year and were left out of service in 1905.

In 1872, the company was founded by Richard Green and his brother Henry Green, known as "Dicky Green" (1803-1863). Meserret, Nusret and Gayret, which were built as a paddle car ferry, were commissioned the same year. Meserret burned as a result of a fire in 1905, while Nusret was destroyed by the Russian submarine in 1916 and decommissioned in 1919. Gayret was sunk by Russian warships in 1915.

İşgüzar and Mirgün, who were assembled in 1881 in the Hasköy factory of the Company-i Hayriye, entered the service in the same year. Isgüzar in was left out of service in 1945, and Mirgün in 1910.

The İhsan Boat and Şükra Ferry, built in 1890 as a boat-side paddle-wheel as a passenger boat in England on the counter of the company R and H Green, owned by Richard Green and his brother Henry Green, were put into service in 1890. While Ihsan was destroyed by the Russian submarine in 1916, Şükra was decommissioned in 1916.

At the J.W.Thames Shipyard in England, the steamers Neveser and Rehber built in 1890 as a paddle wheel, were put into service the same year. Neveser sank in 1917, and Rehber in 1915, in front of the mouth of Sakarya river..

Metanet and Resanet ferryboats, which were built in 1892 on the stalls of Napier, Shanks and Bell shipbuilding company, were equipped with a paddle wheel. Metanet sank in 1916 in the port of Ereğli, Black Sea, and Resanet remained out of service in 1919.

İkdam Ferry was built in 1894 and commissioned in the same year. İntizam Ferry was built in the same year of Ikdam Ferry and commissioned in 1917. Resan and Rüçhan ferries, which were manufactured in 1895, were put into service in 1895 and Rüçhan was put into service in 1896. The ferries were out of service in 1916.

In 1904, Hale was built as a paddle passenger steamer on the benches of Fairfield Shipb Cop, which built luxury ocean ships, steamers and naval ships for the world in Glasgow, Scotland. In 1919, Hale was sold for dismantling. In the same shipyard, the 50 Seyyale ferry boat, which was built as a paddle wheel in 1903, was sold in 1924 for dismantling and decommissioned.

Single Propeller Steamers 

The Şirket-i Hayriye's fleet had 15 ferry boats. According to the company-i Hayriye's chimney numbers, the places of production and service periods of the single propeller ships were as follows:

Tarz-i Nevin, the first and only propeller of the Şirket-i Hayriye, was built in 1903 on the stalls of Fairfield Shipb Cop, which built luxury ocean vessels, steamboats and naval vessels for the world in Glasgow, Scotland. Tarz-I Nevin Boat went into service the same year came into service on March 14, 1903 and was decommissioned in 1967 and produced in the same shipyard in 1903, the craft, the steel plate was made as a single steel passenger ferry. In 1967, the sushi was put out of service in 1967.

The Tarz-ı Nevin Ferry, put into service the same year, went into service on March 14, 1903 and was decommissioned in 1967. Produced in the same shipyard in 1903, the craft, the steel plate was made as a single steel passenger ferry. Dilnişin, which was commissioned on 17 April 1903, was out of service in 1967.

Sureyya, built in 1905 as a single passenger boat in his hull on the stalls of Fairfield Shipb Cop, which built luxury ocean vessels, steamboats and naval ships for the world in Glasgow, Scotland, was left out of service in 1968 and Shihap was in 1967.

The ferries, İnşirah, İnbisat, Bebek and Göksu, were built in 1905 at Armstrong Shipb Cop Shipyard, which was one of the most important shipyards of the British Empire, operating in Glasgow, England and Newcastle, Scotland. The construction of Inşirah and İnbisat in Newcastle and Bebek and Göksu steamers built in Glasgow were decommissioned in 1967.

Tarabya and Nimet, which were built in 1906 as a passenger ferry boat for the ship of Fairfield Shipb Cop, which built luxury ocean ships, ferries and naval vessels for the world in Glasgow, Scotland, were left out of service in 1967.

Ferries named Üsküdar and Rumeli Kavağı were built in the year 1837 in the city of Elbing in the German Empire, known as Elbląg city of Poland, and in 1927 by the heavy equipment and locomotive manufacturer F. Schichau GmbH.

Kocataş Ferry, which was built as a passenger ferry boat in 1937 in Hasköy Shipyard of Şirket-i Hayriye, was left out of service on 14 November 1984. Sarıyer Vapuru, which was built in 1938 in the same shipyard as a passenger boat made of steel sheet, was decommissioned on November 14, 1983.

In 1910, the Kabatas Ferry, which was built as a single steel passenger ferry boat at the F. Caesar Wallehim Shipyard in Germany, served as a car ferry after its renovation in 1938 and was decommissioned in 1939.

DOUBLE WELDED BOATS 

In the company-i Hayriye's fleet, there were 14 double steamships. According to the chimney numbers, the places and dates of the double screwed ferries were as follows:

In 1906, Kamer, the first double propeller steamer of the Company-i Hayriye, was produced as a ferry boat in Newcastle at Armstrong Shipb.Cop Shipyard which is one of the most important shipyards of the British Empire, operating in Scotland and Glasgow and Newcastle, England.. In the same shipyard, the boat was built in 1907 in Newcastle as a double steel passenger ferry, and the Rağbet Ferry was also decommissioned in 1967 with Kamer.

Sultaniye, Hünkar Pier and Sütlüce, which are located in Şirket-i Hayriye fleet, were built in 1909 at the Atl & Chantier de France Shipyard, which was established in 1861, as a local ferry vessel in the northern part of Northern France.

The Küçüksu Ferry was built in 1910 as a passenger ship with double hulls at the same shipyard. Sultaniye was destroyed in 10th July 1916, the service was given to the service of the military at the World War I on May 24, 1915, was heavily damaged and decommissioned. Sütlüce Streamer was out of service, on January 18, 1974 and Küçüksu was in 1988.

Scotland Glasgow was built on the stalls of Fairfield Shipb Cop, which built luxury ocean vessels, steamboats and naval vessels for the world, in 1910, as the ferry boat of Sarayburnu and Bosphorus ferries. Sarayburnu was dismissed on 29 March 1984 and Bosphorus in 1981.

In 1911, the ferry boats called Kalender and Güzelhisar were built at Hawthorn Leslie & Co's, the largest shipyards in Newcastle, UK as double steel passenger ferries. Kalender was decommissioned in 1981 and Güzelhisar in 1986.

Hüseyin Haki and Ziya ferries within the scope of Şirket-i Hayriye were built in 1911 at the Atl & Chantier de France Shipyard, which was founded in 1861 in Dunkerque, a local administrative region of the Northern Section of Northern France. While Hussein Khaki was decommissioned in 1983, Ziya was bought by businessman Hasan Kazankaya in 1983 and operated as a floating restaurant.

In Glasgow, England, Halas was built in 1914 as a passenger double decker boat on the workbenches of Fairfield Shipb Cop which built luxury ocean ships, steamers and naval vessels for the world.The Altinkum Ferry, which was produced in 1929 as the same shipyard as a double decker passenger boat, was left out of service in 1984.

Counterpart Steamers

The Company-i Hayriye's steamers number 1 – 6, 7 – 11, 12 – 14, 15 – 18, 19 – 22, 23 – 25, 28 – 31, 32 – 34, 35 – 36, 37 – 38, 39 – 40, 41 – 42, 43 – 44, 45 – 46, 47 – 48, 49 – 50, 51 – 52, 53 – 54, 55 – 56, 57 – 58, 59 – 60, 61 – 64, 65 – 66, 67 – 68, 69 – 70, 72 – 73, 75 – 76 were counterparts of each other.

SYMBOLS OF THE LIFE OF THE PERIOD: ŞİRKET-İ HAYRİYE

Company-i Hayriye's steamers, during the first years of the Ottoman Empire and the Republic of Turkey, as well as maritime transport, has become a symbol of emotional and physical contribution they make to the social and cultural life over 100 years. In the first years of the Republic, which was renewed and developed during the War of Independence and during the war, especially for the citizens living in the Marmara region, the ferryboats were one of us that made us feel the enthusiasm at the point where life meets the sea. We present the story of some of these legendary ferries:

Unfortunate Brothers 

Asayiş Streamer came to the fore with its chimney number in Company-i Hayriye fleet with its beauty and aesthetic appearance. Greetings to the people of Boğaziçi early in the morning, taking the other passengers to the Bosphorus pier, take the passengers to the bridge, and to take their passengers back to their villages in the afternoon took a long expedition to the Bosphorus.

It was a two-masted boat with a nose, a headrest, a very elegant ferry. There was another one with the same name as Bahariye, with 17 chimneys. Those who saw them coming from afar knew immediately. Here! They said. ’’ Asayiş is coming’’ Or his brother’ Bahariye ‘...“

Company-i Auspicious very beautiful wives of the two ferries and also showed a special attention to be robust. The year was 1865. The company had the design of the ferry built by Mehmet Efendi, who was the chief architect of the Hasköy factory in Haliç, for the maintenance and repair of his steamboats. Even he was sent to the producer in England to check the construction site.

Asayiş as well as many ships in that period was hand side wheel. Its boat was wooden and had 346 gross tons. There were two cylinders and two expanding steam engines.. These two coaches, which came to Istanbul in the year they were built, were put into service this year and carried passengers for years.

It was 1908. At that time, the two Frenchers were keen to turn this ship into a mobile movie theater in order to watch movies in the coastal villages of the Bosphorus, Adalar, Bakirkoy and Izmir Bay. However, the sultan of the period Sultan II. If Abdülhamid saw the drawbacks, he did not give the necessary permission.

During the difficult times that started with the First World War, the Company had to hand over the “Asayish to the Navy with several other ferries. Asayish served the military between 1915-1919. This beautiful ferry has been withdrawn from service, leaving behind 54 years of bravery and elegance.

AND Propeller steamers salute the PASSENGERS

The company-i Hayriye, which operated the ferry in the Bosphorus, had all its steamers on hand. As they turned their wheels on either side, these ferries that proceeded by creating crisp white foams were graceful, but each year they remained a bit more out of date.

When it came to the 1900s, the şirket-i Hayriye decided that the ferries that it would have built would be propeller. In 1903, two small steamers commissioned to England were propellers.

Two small passenger boats that were put into service one month apart in March and April of that year became the company's first propeller ferries.The steamers are named as Tarz-i Nevin with 47 chimney number, and 48 by the name of Dilniş. Tarz-i Nevin means ’new style‘ and ’new system Tarz. It was also "nice to go."

These two ferries really brought with them many innovations. Apart from being the propeller, the tiny hall was heated by the heater. There were electrical equipment on each side. Inside was illuminated electrically. There were also pump fittings. Until then, the rudder cabinet, which was turned by arm force, had been operated by steam for the first time.

The Most Amazing Boat: ŞÜKRAN VAPOR 

The ferry that most loved among the passengers was Şükran. They didn't change Şükran with another ferry. It was indeed a beautiful, delicate and elegant ferry, Şükran. So much so that people said that it was beautiful outside, other than the inside.

One of the two ferries, which were built in England in 1890, was “Şükran with 38 and İhsan  with 37 chimney number. Both of them were made of steel and they were handwheeled and they were 244 gross tons. Their height is 50.3 m. and their width is 6.4 m. was. When they kept good steam, they could reach 12.5 miles per hour.

Şükran2 served the passengers of the villages of Boğaziçi for many years until the start of the First World War. But with the war, it was placed under the command of the Navy.

Streamers called with Bosphorus district names

Previously, the names of the Bosphorus villages, while the names of most Arabic origin were considered appropriate later. These were the words that emphasized the beauty, speed and comfort of the steamers. The steamers were later given the names of the Bosphorus districts. A few of the names of Arabic and Persian origin were as follows:

Public order: Security
Progress: Progress
Tayyar: Flying
Suhulet: Convenience
Meymenet: Uğur
Refet: Mercy
Meserret: Joy
İşgüzar :officious
Şükran: greatful
Rehber: Guide
Resanet: Robustness
Resan: Transporter
Tarz-ı Nevin: New style
Hale: Ayla
Süreyya: Ülker constellation
İnşirah: reprieve
Nimet: goodness, grace
Ragbet : desire, desire, reputation
Seyyar: Mobile
Sürat: Speed
Azimet: Departure
Sahilbent: The two shorelines
Nüzhet: The Joy
Amed: Incoming
Nusret: Help, victory, Contact 
İhsan: Endowment
Neveser: New work
Metanet: Durability
İkdam: Progress
Rüçhan: Superiority, Scabbling
Seyyale: Flowing
Şihap: Flowing star
İmbisap : Refreshing
Kamer: Moon
Halas: Liberation

"A ferry leaves from the bridge! ..."

While examining the urban transport of the city in Istanbul, it is often mentioned on the Bridge as well as the various ferries and various lines. It is known that the first project of a bridge connecting the historical peninsula and Galata was prepared by Leonardo Da Vinci in the 15th century. The beginning of the long journey from Beyazit || period to the present day, the bridge's relationship with ferries, began in the middle of the 19th century.

The pontoon which was attached to both sides of the bridge in the direction of the Marmara Sea was a main point of departure for almost all of the City Lines including the scaffolding inserts and the Company-i Hayriye. Those close to Eminönü were generally allocated to the Bosporus lines and those close to Karaköy were allocated to the Anatolian side - the Islands and Yalova lines. Kadikoy and Haydarpasa line was connected to the bridge before the pier-finger dock was connected to the pier of Karaköy.

In the direction of the bridge in the direction of the pontoon side of the side of the port, served the lines of the Golden Horn.
The bridge's name has been widely popular for many years, and tariffs have been used to designate bridges such as taking off from the Bridge and arriving at the Bridge or Bridge-Kadikoy, Köprü-Adalar lines.